Description about the Surgery
ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed to repair a torn ACL in the knee joint. The ACL is one of the major ligaments that stabilizes the knee. During the surgery, the torn ACL is replaced with a graft, typically taken from the patient's hamstring tendon or patellar tendon. This graft serves as a new ligament to stabilize the knee joint.
Reasons for the Surgery
ACL tears commonly occur during sports activities or traumatic injuries, leading to knee instability, pain, and limited function. ACL reconstruction is recommended for individuals who experience persistent symptoms such as knee giving way, swelling, and difficulty with daily activities. The surgery aims to restore stability to the knee joint, reduce pain, and prevent further damage to the knee structures.
Before Surgery
Before undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation to assess the extent of knee damage and determine the need for surgery. This evaluation includes physical exams, imaging studies (such as MRI), and sometimes diagnostic arthroscopy. Patients receive education about the procedure, including its risks and benefits. Pre-operative instructions may include activity modifications, strengthening exercises, and smoking cessation
During Surgery
During ACL reconstruction surgery, the surgeon makes small incisions around the knee joint and uses arthroscopic techniques to visualize the interior structures. The torn ACL is removed, and tunnels are drilled into the femur and tibia to place the graft in the anatomical position of the original ACL. The graft is secured with screws or other fixation devices to hold it in place while it heals and integrates with the surrounding tissues.
After Surgery
After ACL reconstruction surgery, patients undergo a period of rehabilitation to restore knee function and strength. Physical therapy focuses on improving range of motion, muscle strength, and proprioception. Patients are gradually allowed to bear weight on the operated leg and engage in functional activities. Post-operative care includes pain management, wound care, and monitoring for complications such as infection or blood clots.
Rehabilitation:
Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction is crucial for successful outcomes. Physical therapy sessions are tailored to the individual patient's needs and progress. Rehabilitation aims to restore knee stability, strength, and function while minimizing the risk of re-injury. Close communication between the patient, surgeon, and physical therapist is essential to guide the rehabilitation process and optimize long-term results.