Description about the Surgery
Total knee replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving chronic knee pain and restoring function in individuals with severe knee joint damage. It involves replacing the damaged parts of the knee joint with artificial components made of metal and plastic. TKR is typically recommended for conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis, where the protective cartilage in the knee wears away, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. The surgery aims to restore proper alignment and function to the knee joint, thereby reducing pain and improving overall mobility.
Different Types of Total Knee Replacement
There are various types of total knee replacement procedures, including traditional total knee replacement, minimally invasive knee replacement, and computer-assisted knee replacement. In traditional TKR, the surgeon makes an incision over the knee, removes the damaged bone and cartilage, and replaces them with prosthetic components. Minimally invasive TKR involves smaller incisions and less tissue disruption, potentially leading to quicker recovery times. Computer-assisted TKR utilizes advanced technology to improve the accuracy of component placement and overall surgical outcomes.
Reasons For Total Knee Replacement
Knee replacement surgery is typically recommended for individuals experiencing severe knee pain and disability that significantly impacts their quality of life. The most common reasons for knee replacement include advanced osteoarthritis, where the protective cartilage in the knee joint wears away over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disorder, can also cause inflammation and damage to the knee joint, necessitating surgical intervention. Other conditions such as post-traumatic arthritis resulting from a severe knee injury, avascular necrosis where the bone tissue dies due to poor blood supply, and certain genetic disorders may also lead to the need for knee replacement. These conditions can cause persistent pain, swelling, and difficulty in performing everyday activities, impacting mobility and overall function. Knee replacement surgery aims to alleviate pain, restore mobility, and improve the quality of life for individuals with these debilitating conditions.
Before Surgery
Before knee replacement surgery, patients undergo a comprehensive evaluation including physical exams, imaging, and blood tests. Medications may need adjustment, and patients receive education about the procedure's risks and benefits. Pre-operative instructions cover diet, activity, and smoking cessation. Additionally, patients may engage in pre-surgical exercises or physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve mobility. This thorough preparation aims to optimize patient health, minimize surgical risks, and enhance post-operative recovery. It ensures patients are well-informed, physically prepared, and mentally ready for the procedure, ultimately leading to better outcomes and improved quality of life following knee replacement surgery.
During Surgery
During total knee replacement surgery, the surgeon begins by making an incision over the knee joint, exposing the damaged knee surfaces. The damaged bone and cartilage are then carefully removed from the femur, tibia, and patella. The ends of the femur and tibia are reshaped to accommodate the prosthetic components. These components, typically made of metal and plastic, are then implanted into the prepared bone surfaces. The patellar component may also be replaced or resurfaced if necessary. The components are secured in place with bone cement or through press-fit techniques. Once the components are securely in place, the incision is closed, and the knee joint is tested for stability and range of motion before concluding the surgery.
After Surgery
After knee replacement surgery, patients are closely monitored in a recovery area before being transferred to their hospital room. Pain management and infection prevention measures are implemented. Physical therapy begins promptly to facilitate early mobilization and restore knee function. Patients are encouraged to start moving their knee as soon as possible to prevent stiffness and promote healing. Occupational therapy may also be provided to assist with activities of daily living. Patients receive post-operative instructions regarding wound care, medication management, and rehabilitation exercises. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor progress and address any concerns. With diligent post-operative care and adherence to rehabilitation protocols, patients can achieve improved mobility and quality of life following knee replacement surgery.
Rehabilitation
Following total knee replacement, patients undergo supervised physical therapy sessions focusing on knee mobility and strength. They learn proper gait mechanics and may receive occupational therapy to regain daily function. Close monitoring and adherence to the rehabilitation plan are vital for optimal recovery and improved quality of life.