Description about the Surgery
Partial knee replacement, also known as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to replace only the damaged or arthritic part of the knee joint with artificial components. Unlike total knee replacement, which involves replacing the entire knee joint, partial knee replacement addresses isolated areas of damage, typically in one of the knee compartments: medial, lateral, or patellofemoral. The surgery aims to alleviate pain, restore function, and preserve healthy knee structures by selectively replacing only the damaged portion of the knee joint.
Different Types of Partial Knee Replacement
There are various types of partial knee replacement procedures, depending on the specific location and extent of knee joint damage. Medial unicompartmental knee replacement involves replacing the inner part of the knee joint, while lateral unicompartmental knee replacement addresses damage to the outer part. Patellofemoral knee replacement focuses on replacing the kneecap and its corresponding groove on the thigh bone. These procedures offer the advantage of preserving healthy bone and soft tissue, minimizing surgical trauma, and facilitating quicker recovery compared to total knee replacement.
Reasons For Partial Knee Replacement
Partial knee replacement surgery is indicated for patients with localized knee arthritis or damage confined to one compartment of the knee joint. Common reasons for partial knee replacement include osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or inflammatory arthritis affecting only a specific area of the knee. Patients with intact ligaments, minimal deformity, and good joint stability are suitable candidates for partial knee replacement. The surgery aims to relieve pain, improve function, and delay or avoid the need for total knee replacement by preserving healthy knee structures and maintaining natural knee biomechanics.
Before Surgery
Before partial knee replacement surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation comprising physical exams, imaging, and blood tests. Medications may require adjustments, and patients receive comprehensive education regarding the procedure's risks and benefits. Pre-operative instructions encompass dietary recommendations, activity modifications, and smoking cessation strategies. Additionally, patients may participate in pre-surgical exercises or physical therapy sessions aimed at strengthening muscles and improving mobility in the affected knee compartment. This meticulous preparation seeks to optimize patient health, minimize surgical risks, and enhance the subsequent post-operative recovery period. It ensures that patients are well-informed, physically primed, and mentally prepared for the partial knee replacement procedure, ultimately contributing to superior outcomes and an improved quality of life following the surgery.
During Surgery
During partial knee replacement surgery, the surgeon focuses on the damaged compartment of the knee, whether it's the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment. The incision is made over the affected area, and only the damaged bone and cartilage in that compartment are removed. The remaining healthy bone and cartilage in the other compartments are preserved. The prosthetic components, which are smaller than those used in total knee replacement, are then implanted into the prepared bone surfaces. Specialized instruments may be used to ensure precise alignment and fit of the components. Once the components are in place, the incision is closed, and the knee is assessed for proper function and stability before concluding the surgery.
After Surgery
After partial knee replacement surgery, patients undergo close monitoring in a recovery area before transitioning to their hospital room. The medical team implements strategies for pain management and infection prevention. Immediate initiation of physical therapy is prioritized to facilitate early mobilization and restore knee function. Patients are actively encouraged to commence knee movement early on to prevent stiffness and aid in the healing process. Occupational therapy may be offered to support patients in regaining independence in daily activities. Detailed post-operative instructions are provided, covering wound care, medication management, and prescribed rehabilitation exercises. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor recovery progress and address any concerns that may arise. Through diligent post-operative care and adherence to rehabilitation protocols, patients can experience enhanced mobility and an improved quality of life following partial knee replacement surgery.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after partial knee replacement involves supervised physical therapy sessions focusing on enhancing knee mobility and strength. Patients learn proper gait mechanics and may receive occupational therapy to regain independence in daily activities. Close monitoring and adherence to the rehabilitation plan are essential for optimal recovery and improved quality of life.