Description about the Surgery
Hemi hip arthroplasty, also known as partial hip replacement, is a surgical procedure aimed at replacing the femoral head, the spherical top of the thigh bone (femur), with a prosthetic implant. Unlike total hip replacement, which involves replacing both the femoral head and the acetabulum (hip socket), hemi hip arthroplasty only addresses the damaged or diseased portion of the hip joint. This procedure aims to alleviate pain, improve hip function, and restore mobility in patients with conditions such as hip fractures, osteoarthritis, or avascular necrosis affecting the femoral head.
Different Types of Hemi Hip Arthroplasty
There are various types of hemi hip arthroplasty procedures, depending on the specific condition and extent of hip joint damage. In most cases, the femoral head is replaced with a prosthetic implant while preserving the native acetabulum. The prosthetic femoral component may be cemented or press-fit into the bone, and different designs are available to accommodate patient anatomy and optimize joint mechanics. Hemi hip arthroplasty may be performed using traditional or minimally invasive surgical techniques, tailored to each patient's unique needs and goals.
Reasons for Hemi Hip Arthroplasty
Hemi hip arthroplasty is recommended for individuals with localized hip joint pathology, such as fractures involving the femoral head, avascular necrosis, or degenerative changes limited to the femoral side of the joint. It is often considered in cases where preserving the native acetabulum is feasible and sufficient to restore hip function. Common indications for hemi hip arthroplasty include femoral neck fractures, osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis affecting the femoral head, and failed previous hip surgeries.
Before Surgery
Before undergoing hemi hip arthroplasty, patients undergo a thorough evaluation to assess the extent of hip joint damage and determine the appropriateness of the procedure. This evaluation includes physical examinations, imaging studies (X-rays, MRI), and medical history review. Patients receive pre-operative instructions, such as fasting before surgery, discontinuing certain medications, and arranging for post-operative care and rehabilitation. Pre-operative assessments help ensure optimal surgical outcomes and patient safety.
During Surgery
During hemi hip arthroplasty surgery, the surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint to access the femoral head. The damaged or diseased portion of the femoral head is removed, and a prosthetic component is implanted to replace it. The prosthetic implant may consist of a metal stem and artificial head, designed to replicate the natural anatomy of the femoral head. The surgeon ensures proper positioning and stability of the implant before closing the incision and securing it with sutures or staples.
After Surgery
Following hemi hip arthroplasty surgery, patients are closely monitored in the recovery area for any immediate post-operative complications, such as bleeding or infection. Pain management strategies are initiated to control discomfort, and patients may receive medications as prescribed by their healthcare provider. Physical therapy is typically initiated soon after surgery to promote hip mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and optimize joint function. Patients are instructed on proper wound care, activity modification, and rehabilitation exercises to facilitate recovery and prevent complications.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after hemi hip arthroplasty focuses on restoring hip range of motion, strength, and function while minimizing pain and stiffness. Physical therapy exercises are tailored to each patient's specific needs and surgical outcomes, with an emphasis on gradually increasing activity levels and restoring hip mechanics. The rehabilitation process typically progresses through different phases, starting with gentle range-of-motion exercises and advancing to strengthening and functional activities as tolerated. Close collaboration between the patient, surgeon, and rehabilitation team is essential for achieving optimal outcomes and maximizing long-term hip function.